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Multi-spacecraft observations and transport simulations of solar energetic particles for the May 17th 2012 GLE event

机译:太空船的多航天器观测和运输模拟   2012年5月17日GLE活动的高能粒子

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摘要

The injection, propagation and arrival of solar energetic particles (SEPs)during eruptive solar events is an important and current research topic ofheliospheric physics. During the largest solar events, particles may haveenergies up to a few GeVs and sometimes even trigger ground-level enhancements(GLEs) at Earth. We study the first GLE-event of solar cycle 24, from 17th May2012, using data from multiple spacecraft (SOHO, GOES, MSL, STEREO-A, STEREO-Band MESSENGER). These spacecraft are located throughout the inner heliosphere,at heliocentric distances between 0.34 and 1.5 astronomical units (au),covering nearly the whole range of heliospheric longitudes. We present andinvestigate sub-GeV proton time profiles for the event at several energychannels, obtained via different instruments aboard the above spacecraft. Weinvestigate issues due to magnetic connectivity, and present results ofthree-dimensional SEP propagation simulations. We gather virtual time profilesand perform qualitative and quantitative comparisons with observations,assessing longitudinal injection and transport effects as well as peakintensities. We distinguish different time profile shapes for well-connectedand weakly connected observers, and find our onset time analysis to agree withthis distinction. At select observers, we identify an additional low-energycomponent of Energetic Storm Particles (ESPs). Using well-connected observersfor normalisation, our simulations are able to accurately recreate both timeprofile shapes and peak intensities at multiple observer locations. Thissynergetic approach combining numerical modeling with multi-spacecraftobservations is crucial for understanding the propagation of SEPs within theinterplanetary magnetic field. Our novel analysis provides valuable proof ofthe ability to simulate SEP propagation throughout the inner heliosphere, at awide range of longitudes.
机译:太阳爆发期间太阳高能粒子(SEPs)的注入,传播和到达是目前太阳大气物理研究的重要课题。在最大的太阳事件期间,粒子可能具有高达几个GeV的能量,有时甚至会触发地球的地平面增强(GLE)。我们使用来自多个航天器(SOHO,GOES,MSL,STEREO-A,STEREO-Band MESSENGER)的数据研究了2012年5月17日发生的第24个太阳周期的GLE事件。这些航天器位于整个内部日球层,其日心中心距离在0.34至1.5天文单位(au)之间,几乎覆盖了整个日球经度范围。我们展示并研究了该事件在几个能量通道上的子GeV质子时间分布,这是通过上述航天器上的不同仪器获得的。我们调查了由于磁连通性引起的问题,并提出了三维SEP传播仿真的结果。我们收集虚拟时间剖面,并与观测值进行定性和定量比较,评估纵向注入和传输效应以及峰强度。对于有良好连接和弱连接的观察者,我们区分了不同的时间剖面形状,并发现我们的起步时间分析与这一区别是一致的。在选定的观察者处,我们确定了高能风暴粒子(ESP)的其他低能成分。使用连接良好的观察者进行归一化,我们的仿真能够准确地在多个观察者位置重新创建时间剖面形状和峰值强度。这种协同方法将数值模型与多空间飞船观测相结合对于理解SEP在行星际磁场内的传播至关重要。我们的新颖分析提供了在广泛的经度范围内模拟SEP在整个内部太阳圈中传播的能力的宝贵证据。

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